THE VICTORIAN NOVEL
THE LIFE OF YOUNG VICTORIA:
Victoria was born in 24th may 1819 by the Duke of Kent and Prince Leopold'ssister,Victorie.
She was the next in the line to the throne,and for this reason her mother started the KENSINGTON SYSTEM in line with which she couldn't stay alone one moment.
The Victorian Age was characterized by contradictions: on one side It was an age of progress,social reforms and stability but on the other side poverty, injustice and social unrest reigned.
The slum districts were marked by squallor, crime and desease; the atmosphere was polluted and all this goes to prove that it was easy to be affected by epidemies like cholera and tuberculosis . This bad situation was allowed by the Middle Classes,which didn't care about the situation of workers.
Just The common Lodging Houses Act and the Labouring Classes Lodging Houses Act made the prevenction of squallor possible, and also them promoted the creation of medical and social servicies. (police,water and gas, lighting..ecc. )
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The Victorian novel is the portrait of social problems which were born during the Industrial Revolution and continued to characterize the Victorian Age.
It was a mix of documentary and romance: it goes without saying that it created an impact on the ridership,wich was composed by legislators and therefore the Vicotiran novel contribuited to influence them in political decisions..This goes to prove that the novelists assured a role of great social importance.
It is characterized by the omniscient narrator,who comments the plot providing only his world's perspective.
In the final chapter the events are explained and justified. 
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IT DEALS WITH:
-CLASSES :
The upper Middle Class had political and economical power and their principles were: respecatbility, philantropy and patriotism.
They created moral standards, esthetic criteria and clotes style and rules of behaviour but at the same time they were hypocrities because they were the first to not respect their rules . This ambiguity of behaviour and thoughts was only one of the contraddictions of the Victorian Age and it is known as the Victorian compromise.
-->  one of the fears of the people who belonged to the Middle Class was to fall in a inferior social status because of two reasons:                                                                                                                                                                                       a) It would mean becoming poorer ->  poverty was a crime in fact debtors went to prison.                                                  b) according to Puritanism it was a sin.
-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
-EXPLOITATION OF CHILD LABOUR
-INADEGUACY IN THE SOCIAL SERVICIES
-THE WORLD KNOWN BY THE READERSHIP, infact the setting was the city.
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THE SUBJECTS OF VICTORIAN'S FICIONS WERE:
-the patriarchal family
-hero: rational man of value
-VILLAINS,CARICATURES OF EVIL
All the characters were deeply analized and described according to the  stylistic choices which characterized the Victorian novelists. Thoose choises came from the necessity to create a partial identification  in the novel by the reader of the Middle Class.
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The Victorian novel was based on realism, and therefore it used the grotesque and pathos.
1)The grotesque is a narrative strategy based on the deformation of the outlines of the characters, It uses a discrepancy between the language and the object it refears to, and It causes a feeling of strangeness to the reader. The language is characterized by the exageration of thones and hyperbols, which contribuite to create caricatures. The grotesque's function is to imply the readers superiority over the human subject of the fiction and their rejection to identify themself with pathetics.
It implies various reactions: 
First of all It makes the reader laugh but after a deeper reflection It makes him feel a sense of compassion and sorrow in front of the tragedy.
2)THE SENSE OF PATHOS IS PROVIDED IN THE SUBJECT WHO ARE TOO VIRTUOSES,INNOCENTS AND THEREFORE PERSECUTED AND DEFENSELESS (LIKE CHILDREN)
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The 19th-century social thinking was influenced also by the philosophical movement of UTILITARISM AND MANICHEISM
1) It was founded by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill. It consist of a philosophical system which is the base of the attitude towards the economy during Victorianism.It holds that the main purpose for the individual and fot society is the promotion of general social welfare. The key-words of this philosophy were: usefulness, happiness and avoidance of pain .
2) It conceives reality as a struggle between two opposing principles, good and evil, spirit and matter, light and darkness.